International travel continues despite the threat of terrorism, the reality of ward and conflict and the emergence of new diseases.Seasonal influenzahas increasingly been recognised in travellers. Pandemic influenzaA (H1N1) has been included in the 2010 southern hemisphere trivalent influenza vaccine. Travellers to foreign countries are often exposed to pathogens that are uncommon in their countries of residence. In preparation for a trip, travellers should be encouraged to seek pre-travel immunization. Required immunizations include yellow fever and meningococcal vaccines. The common recommended immunizations based on risk assessment include typhoid, hepatitis A and Japanese encephalitis vaccines