Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice. In the past decade, there had been more than 1000 publications in the literature exploring this unique and fascinating arrhythmia, of which many aspects such as genetics and mechanisms, remain poorly understood. The growing interest and awareness of Af mirrors the global ageing population, coupled with new developments in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies make treating this arrhythmia both fascinating and challenging.