Glycaemic control is fundamental to the management of diabetes. Prospective randomised controlled trials like the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), the Kumamoto study, and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) have shown that improved glycaemic control is associated with sustained decreased rates of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy 1-3. Two primary techniques are available for health care providers and patients to assess the effectiveness of the management plan on glycaemic control: patient self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement. The author would like to acknowledge that this article is a close replication of the chapter on “Glycaemic Control” in the Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) on Diabetes Mellitus, Ministry of Health, Singapore 4. Besides its relevance to our practice, the author was involved in drafting the original chapter on “Glycaemic Control” in the CPG.